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ABBREVIATIONS |
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DYS# - DYS
Numbers: DYS numbers as reported by FTDNA.
(note that these are not in numerical order).
DYS = DNA +
Y chromosome
+ [unique DNA] Segment.
HUGO (Human Genome Organization) assigns DYS numbers.
DYS #19 is also known as #394
According to FTDNA, the red markers
show a faster mutation rate than average.
However, managers of large surname studies report variations that
differ from those in a mixed random group.
(The allele values for DYS 464abcd reflect FTDNA's May 19, 2003 adjustment
- all reduced by one.) |
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Group (or
Family Group):. Family groups are groups
of two or more participants who match. Unless there is evidence to
the contrary (e.g., those with very common haplotypes and no shared
paper trail), it is assumed they share a common ancestor. The common
ancestor may, or may not, be known. Group 1 was assigned to the first
participants with a match.. The next participants with a match are
assigned Group 2, the next Group 3, and so on. The numbers have no
other significance. Group descriptions are revised from time to time. |
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Haplogroup (deep ancestry).
Haplogroups in green have been confirmed by SNP testing.
Haplogroups in red have
been predicted by Family Tree DNA based on unambiguous results in
the individual's personal page. FTDNA sees no reason to order a SNP
test to confirm a predicted haplogroup.
Haplogroups in black are estimated by FTDNA (comparative results are not clear and unambiguous).
If the kit holder wants to know his SNP with 100% confidence, consider
ordering a SNP confirmation test.
(See Haplo Descriptions - FTDNA below)
For more information, participants should review personal page at
FTDNA.
Additional information from G. K. Bopp at these links (offsite)::
HAPLOGROUPS (DNA/Haplogroups
- G.K. Bopp)
Haplo Chart (April 2007) - Georgia's Chart |
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Locus
- Numerical order of DYS number presentation by FTDNA. This is useful
when discussing results, since the presentation order of the DYS numbers
is not in numerical order. |
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Participant#
- Participant number for identification purposes in this study. This
is not the kit number assigned by Family Tree DNA. |
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Haplogroup Descriptions - FTDNA |
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E3b
is believed to have evolved in the Middle East. It expanded into the
Mediterranean during the Pleistocene Neolithic expansion. It is currently
distributed around the Mediterranean, southern Europe, and in north
and east Africa. [From Family Tree DNA] |
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I, I1,
and I1a are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe.
These would most likely have been common within Viking populations.
One lineage of this group extends down into central Europe. [From
Family Tree DNA] |
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J2
lineage originated in the northern portion of the Fertile Crescent
where it later spread throughout central Asia, the Mediterranean,
and south into India. As with other populations with Mediterranean
ancestry this lineage is found within Jewish populations. [From Family
Tree DNA] |
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R1a
is believed to have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the
Black and Caspian Seas. This lineage is believed to have originated
in a population of the Kurgan culture, known for the domestication
of the horse (approximately 3000 B.C.E.). These people were also believed
to be the first speakers of the Indo-European language group. This
lineage is currently found in central and western Asia, India, and
in Slavic populations of Eastern Europe. [From Family Tree DNA] |
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R1b
is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed
to have expanded throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the
last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. This lineage is also
the haplogroup containing the Atlantic modal haplotype. [From Family
Tree DNA] Note: R1b was known as HG1 in an earlier classification
system. |
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Matches: Interpreting Genetic Distance |
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Table
of DNA "matches", see these Interpreting
Genetic Distance (Family Tree DNA)
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Information on this page from the work of G. K.
Bopp |
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View the KINNEY (and variations) surname project
administered by Georgia Bopp at this link: |
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